뇌졸중 볼륨 및 심장 output의 변화에 대한 반응 평가

간략 요약

The investigators will seek to determine the effects of different heart rates on both stroke volume and cardiac output using non-invasive hemodynamic assessments. In order to safely manipulate the HR, the investigators will study patients with permanent pacemakers in whom heart rate manipulation can be done in a safe and non-invasive manner.