Spinal devices in the United States-investigational device exemption trials and premarket approval of class III devices.

Abstract

Recently, there has been increased public awareness of regulatory actions by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) on spinal devices. There has also been increased scrutiny of the pivotal clinical trials of these devices. To investigate the premarket approval (PMA) of class III spinal devices in the United States since the turn of the century. To explore clinically relevant issues that affect the interpretation of investigational device exemption trials. Literature review. From 20