From bench to bedside and back: translational cardiovascular interventions in veterinary medicine.

Abstract

Veterinary interventional cardiology exemplifies the power of reverse translation in cardiovascular medicine. This review examines how procedures initially tested in animal models, refined in human medicine, and subsequently reintroduced to veterinary practice have completed the translational cycle. We analyze several key interventions - pacemaker implantation, patent ductus arteriosus occlusion, balloon valvuloplasty, radiofrequency ablation, septal defect closure, and mitral valve repair by V-