Lymphedema Imaging and AI: A Review of Diagnostic Modalities, Biomarkers, and Clinical Integration.

Abstract

Lymphedema, a chronic lymphatic disorder characterized by swelling, fibrosis, and adipose tissue accumulation, requires precise, stage-specific imaging for effective diagnosis and management. This review evaluates conventional imaging modalities, including indocyanine green lymphography (ICG-L), lymphoscintigraphy, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computed tomography (CT), alongside emerging artificial intelligence (AI) applications to enhance diagnostic accuracy and treatment planning. We