Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound for peripheral nerve regeneration: mechanobiological mechanisms and translational potential.

Abstract

Peripheral nerve injury (PNI) remains a major clinical challenge, often resulting in incomplete functional recovery despite advances in microsurgical repair. Low-intensity pulsed ultrasound (LIPUS) has recently gained attention as a noninvasive biophysical therapy capable of enhancing nerve regeneration through mechanical stimulation and cellular activation. This review synthesizes current preclinical evidence on the effects of LIPUS across in vitro and in vivo models and outlines its underlying