Emerging nanodelivery systems for cuproptosis induction: design strategies and multidimensional regulatory mechanisms.

Abstract

Cuproptosis, a newly discovered copper-dependent cell death mechanism, has emerged as a research hotspot in cancer therapy in recent years due to its unique metabolic intervention properties and profound interactions with the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, challenges persist in the precise delivery of cuproptosis-inducing agents, metabolic regulation, and synergistic integration with other treatment modalities. Here, we systematically review the latest advances in cuproptosis-based nanot