A frugal arduino-based spirometer for low-resource settings: design, development and validation of a preliminary prototype.

Abstract

Medical devices are essential for maintaining resilient health systems worldwide. However, their distribution does not reflect this, with as many as 76% of devices being used by 13% of the world's population. Most devices, being designed for High-Income countries (HICs) and failing to consider the local needs of other settings, often fail when deployed in other contexts. Spirometers particularly are underutilised in these regions despite high respiratory disease burden. This study aims to develo