Faster but Not Truer, Part 2: The Regulatory Record, the Economics, and the TRACE-HEOR Reporting Standard.

Abstract

Part 1 of this series found that measured gains from artificial intelligence (AI) in health economics and outcomes research (HEOR) concentrate in tasks with observable ground truth and disappear where the quantity of interest is a counterfactual. What regulators, health technology assessment (HTA) bodies, and sponsors have said about that division has not been assembled in one place. We assembled the primary regulatory, HTA, industry, and journal policy record through September 2026, requiring f