iTBS Versus Standard 10 Hz rTMS for Treatment-Resistant Depression (TRD)

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This randomised, parallel-group, non-inferiority trial compared intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS, 3-minute sessions) with standard 10 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS, 37-minute sessions) applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in adults with treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Participants received 20 sessions over 4 weeks. The primary aim was to determine whether iTBS is non-inferior to standard rTMS in reducing depressive symptoms (HDRS-17) at Week 4, and to compare patient-reported treatment experience and acceptability between protocols.