Assessment of Nutritional Status in Celiac Disease Using Muscle Ultrasound in Pediatric Patients.

Brief Summary

The aim is to explain that celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune, familial disease that develops in genetically predisposed individuals as a result of sensitivity to gluten found in grains and grain products, causing characteristic lesions and malabsorption in the small intestine, and showing clinical improvement with a gluten-free diet. Beyond the gastrointestinal system, the disease affects skeletal muscle health due to malabsorption and malnutrition. Sarcopenia, particularly seen in elderly patients due to decreased muscle mass and strength, can also occur in celiac patients, especially at an early age, due to chronic inflammation, protein malabsorption, and reduced nutrient intake. Therefore, the European Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition (ESPGHAN) recommends regular evaluation of celiac patients in terms of growth, nutritional status, and muscle health. However, gold standard diagnostic methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) are insufficient in clinical practice due to high cost, limited accessibility, portability, and radiation exposure, necessitating alternative methods. Ultrasonography has emerged as a promising method for screening and diagnosing sarcopenia in celiac patients. Because non-invasive, inexpensive, and widely available ultrasonography can increase awareness of sarcopenia, enable early nutritional intervention, and improve clinical and laboratory results in celiac disease. The aim of this study is to investigate the evaluation of nutritional status by measuring muscle mass using routine ultrasonography performed on pediatric patients diagnosed with celiac disease in the Pediatric Gastroenterology units of Balıkesir Atatürk City Hospital and Hitit University. Thus, the aim is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound in the evaluation of sarcopenia in celiac patients.