Optiflow in Sequential Non-Invasive Ventilation

Résumé succinct

Background : Patient with hypoxemic respiratory failure treated with NIV receive between NIV session oxygen therapy. Gaz exchange disorder with a decrease of the ratio between Partial Pressure of Arterial Oxygen (PaO2) and Inspired Fraction of Oxygen (FIO2) are noticed when NIV is stopped at the end of the session du to alveolar derecruitment Optiflow is a high flow oxygen delivery system used a heated humidifier and heated breathing circuit. In observational studies, Optiflow increase oxygenation of patients with hypoxemic respiratory failure. Oxygenation is better than under high-concentration mask and work of breathing is reduced. The aim of the study is to compare in acute hypoxemic respiratory failure, optiflow to oxygen therapy under high-concentration mask, on patients oxygenation between NIV sessions (measured as the difference between PaO2/FiO2 ratio at the beginning and at the end of the session), during the first two NIV sessions Study design : Prospective, randomized, controlled, multicentric, open clinical trial with two groups: * control group with conventional clinical management, oxygen therapy and sequential used of NIV * Optiflow group with high flow oxygen delivery system, conventional clinical management and sequential used of NIV for a period of 36 hours at least. Number of subjects: 100 (50 patients per group) patients admitted in intensive Care Unit for hypoxemic respiratory failure.